International: Academic freedom reports worldwide

Chad arrested two students to be in possession of pamphlets in favor of reform are preparing to go to trial. A prominent Iranian imprisoned student activist Maid Tawakoni has been permanently forbidden to study at any university and a doctoral student who campaigned for opposition candidate in the elections of 2009 he was arrested and subjected to 50 lashes. International Turkmen students have been prevented by immigration officials of his country to return to universities in neighboring Tajikistan and are in danger of being expelled. And in Nigeria, students have accused the authorities of failing to ensure their safety after the Islamic extremist group Book Harem threatened bomb attacks in universities.

CHAD: Students facing trial for propaganda in favor of reform

Two students Chadians who have been held by the authorities of Chad for four months for allegedly planned pro-democracy protests in the country face judgment this month, Amnesty International reported on 12 September.

Biblike Pascua Nedoumbayel Nekton and Alexis were arrested by security forces in May at a bus station in N'Djamena, capital of Chad, for allegedly carrying leaflets calling for peaceful demonstrations against the government of President Iris Debby Into.

They were detained incommunicado before being transferred to N'Djamena central prison. It was reported that they have been tortured while in detention, and his health has deteriorated, with both developing serious infections of the eyes and skin.

The students allegedly had two documents in their possession at the time of the arrest: a letter addressed to young people, and a document entitled "Enough", and calling for reforms in Chad in reference to the popular uprising earlier this year in Egypt and Tunisia.

The students were accused of "provocation directly linked to an unarmed demonstration" and risk six months in jail even though the show never took place.

Amnesty International, which had access to the documents, argues that the content respects the limits of freedom of expression. The organization suspects that the authorities of Chad to arrest students for their political commitment, and added that if they were arrested merely on suspicion of supporting a peaceful protest, which would be considered "prisoners of conscience".

His trial was delayed three times after officials of the National Security Agency did not appear in court to testify. The trial was to begin on 15 September.