The conception of higher education as a public good and a
public responsibility is changing. Most European countries use the shared costs
and there is a trend reversal of the burden of the costs of study for students.
There are many countries in Europe that are not paid their national students some form of tuition - about 19 of the 26 countries observed a two-year research project organized by the European Students' Union (ESU) and the name of Future Financing of Students (Minster), do so.
Denmark, Finland, Malta, Slovenia, Sweden and Norway are still no systems of higher education, tuition free, at least undergraduate level. Austria formally recognizes no rights within their legal fees, but universities can decide for themselves whether or not to charge for tuition.
Several countries - such as Hungary, Poland and Slovakia - offer subsidized places where some students have to pay tuition fees, usually according to academic ability.
There are many countries in Europe that are not paid their national students some form of tuition - about 19 of the 26 countries observed a two-year research project organized by the European Students' Union (ESU) and the name of Future Financing of Students (Minster), do so.
Denmark, Finland, Malta, Slovenia, Sweden and Norway are still no systems of higher education, tuition free, at least undergraduate level. Austria formally recognizes no rights within their legal fees, but universities can decide for themselves whether or not to charge for tuition.
Several countries - such as Hungary, Poland and Slovakia - offer subsidized places where some students have to pay tuition fees, usually according to academic ability.
Worrying situation of international students
The international situation - not the European Union or the European Economic Area - students is even more worrying.
Norway and Malta (of a total of 26 countries observed by Minster) are the only countries that do not charge fees for international students apply. Finland is similar now, but there is an ongoing pilot study on the effects of the introduction of such fees and even an initiative to change the law on this issue.
Minster also notes that in some countries, such as Ireland and the UK, tuition fees for international students are much higher than for domestic students or the EU, and this shows that have already adopted the idea of education a service and a private good.
The funding gap is growing
It is not difficult to conclude that the financing gap is growing. During the last 50 years, there has been a significant increase in the number of students in the whole of Europe. This increase can also be seen in a shorter timeline - for example, Eurostudent-Eurostat showed that in 2009 the student population increased by 10% between 2003-04 and 2008-09.
The increase in the student population (mass) has been followed by an increase in public funding; in recent years the level of public funding for higher education has decreased in some countries have been cut close to 50% of the total budget for higher education institutions.
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